Government financing and a diverse trade market
Between 2018 and 2028, the national debt is expected to follow a rising trend, however, national debt in relation to GDP is expected to decline starting 2023, reaching 76.4 percent. Government revenue, as well as expenditure, are expected to reach almost 5.58 trillion and 7.85 trillion Egyptian pounds by 2028, respectively, gradually increasing yearly.In addition, Egyptian imports outweigh exports, leading to a negative balance of trade. Even though mineral fuels, oils, and distillation products were the fundamental category of imports and exports for the country, the cumulative imports and exports were mainly non-petroleum products. Mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, along with machinery, nuclear reactors, and boilers were the leading imports into the country in 2023, totaling around around 19.6 billion U.S. dollars. As for the exports, mineral fuels, oils, distillation products, Electrical and electronic equipment, and fertilizers were among the principal products being sold as of the same year.