Value of gross domestic expenditure on R&D in Egypt 2020-2022
The Egyptian gross domestic spending on research and development (GERD) amounted to 8.86 billion U.S. dollars in 2022. This was slightly lower than the 9.1 billion U.S. dollars spent the prior year. Egypt was the country with the largest absolute GERD on the African continent. In contrast, South Africa ranked first in terms of